Basheer Muhsin Ali; Rajaa Fadhil Hamdi
Abstract
The current study was conducted in the Fungi Research Laboratory, Department of biology, College of Sciences, University of Anbar , the study included collecting 93 samples of infected ...
Read More ...
The current study was conducted in the Fungi Research Laboratory, Department of biology, College of Sciences, University of Anbar , the study included collecting 93 samples of infected fruits (fruits and vegetables) in Cold stores for different regions of Al- Anbar province. The fungi that contaminated the fruits were isolated and characterized microscopically and molecularly, and aqueous plant extracts and dry powders were prepared of Eugenia flowers for the purpose of studying their effect on radial growth and pathogenicity of these contaminated fungi, Aspergillus flavus و Aspergillus niger ، Neurospora crassa This was done by using the method of poisoning the food medium PDA with concentration 10%, 20%,30% v/v for aqueous extract and 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 mg/ml for dry powder of Eugenia powder, to evaluate the efficacy of the aqueous extracts and dry powder against contaminated fungi. The fungicidal effect Topsin M 70% was also tested with concentration 0.02 mg/ml of PDA. The active chemical compounds of the plant extracts have been detected using several chemical reagents and by using GC MASS technology for aqueous extracts and the pH value was determined also.The results showed that the aqueous extract of Eugenia flowers inhibited the radial growth of contaminated fungi Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Neurosporo crassa Where the highest inhibition percentage was reached when the concentration was 30% v/v and gave 6, 6, 5.6 mm respectivily with inhibition ratio 85.7, 85.7, 93.4 % with significant differences from the control treatment at probability level 0.05.Also the results showed, Eugenia dry powder, it gave an effective inhibition towards the isolated fungi, A. niger, A.flavus, N. crassa. The results showed the ability of Eugenia dry powder to stimulate resistance in tomato fruits before and after infection with fungi, at an incubation temperature of 11º c. Pre-inoculated with these Neurosporo crassa and Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger contaminated fungi and beyond. The superiority of Eugenia dry powder in the pre-inoculation treatment in reducing the severity of the infection with the contaminated fungus, as it gave the highest effectiveness in reducing the severity of the infection with N.crassa, amounting to 26.6%, compared to the control treatment, which gave an infiction severity 80%.The results of the qualitative chemical detection indicated the active compounds in the plant extract, The extract contain many effective compounds with antifungal activity such as alkaloids, resins, reducing sugars, tannins, saponins, glycosides, Terpenes, flavonoids and fucoumarins.GC-MS results showed that Eugenia extract contains many active chemical compounds that are attributed to antifungal activity, such as euginol and thymoquinone.
